Turbotransmission



June 13, 1944. JANDASEK 2,351,517

TURBO TRANSMISSION Filed Nov. 25, 1940 J INVENTOR 053 JZWJQJe/f BY M,6M4 9 ATTORNEYS.

Patented June'13, 19 44? I UNITED STATES PATENT orrlce rurmo'rmnsmssronApplication November 25, 1940, Serial No.366,949 v 8 Claims (.Cl.103-115) This invention'relates to transmissions and more particularlyto fluid transmissions which transmit power! i'romone shaft to anotherthrough a circulating liquid;

An-obiect of this invention resides in the provislon of fluid directingblades or vanes designed and proportioned in such a manner as to impartto or absorb maximum energy from a circulating liquid by rotatableimpeller or turbine members.

imparted to the circulating liquid as. the liquid leaves the impellerblades thereby equalizingg Otlrer objects and advantages of thisinvention will be apparent from the following detailed descriptionconsidered in connection with the accompanying drawing, submitteddorpurposes of illustration only, and not intended to define the Anotherobject of the invention is to provide w scope of the invention,reference being had for fluid directing vanes of eflicient fluid foilshape which accurately conform to the contour of the fluid circulatingpassages of the device,

A further object of the invention resides in the provision of fluiddirecting vanes of efflcient fluid l foil shape designed in such amanner that their center lines correspond with the theoretical thatpurpose to the subjoined claims.

In the drawing wherein similar reference characters refer to similarparts throughout the sevthe impeller blade and turbine vanes.

Fig. 2 is a sectional View taken substantially on the line we, of Fig.1, showing the first stage A still further objectis to provide a.turbine turbine vane it having a straight centerline bladedesign for afluid transmission wherein a fluid foil shaped blade of efllcient designis contoured in such a manner that its theoretical center lineaccurately corresponds to the theoretibefore it is bent.

' Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 takensubstantially on the line stirof-Fig. l. of the same vane after its center line 38 has beenbent toform a.

cal maximum efliciency flow curves of-the turbo- 5 001110811 c e 3%vf'two-dimensional formdevice operating with substantially predeterminedentrance and discharge angles.

Yet, a still further object is to form a turbine vane from an efllcientfluid-foil shaped-member Fig. 4 is a section through the second stageturbine vanes it taken on the line dllc of'Fig. 1

. illustrating the vane in the two-dimensional form as if the centerline a of Fig. 1 were a straight wrapped around a conical curve such forexample so line.

as a parabola or hyperbole. to provide an emcient turbine energyabsorbing vane.

Still another object 01 the invention resides, in the provision 01'emcient impeller blades generated Fig. 5 is a side view of the vanlBlooking axially from the discharge end. Fig. 6 is a view similar to Fig.1 looking; in the opposite direction representing the vane [8 as if bywrapping 'the theoretical axis of fluid fo il as all po s of the vanewere turned in one p a impeller blades shaped to transmit energy toliquid in the most efllcient manner.

Another object of theinvention resides injthe provision of impeller blades ofeflicient fluid foil 40 to the direction of rotation throughoutexcept.

shape having theoretically substantially straight center lines for amajor portion oftl eir length and curved center lines to varythe fluidenergiz- A further object or this invention-is to provide Thisviewrepresents one step in laying out the vane.

blade 20 having approximately a. pitch angle Y thetail end of-the blade.I Fig.8 is a three-dimensional view of the blade 20 wrapped. around ani'nvolute curve. Profile 54 represents the same blade as in Fi 7 havinga 45 pitch angle of approximately 45? in the portion adjacent the web,and a profile 53 adjacent the shroud of a pitch angle of approximately30. Fig. 9 is a view similar to Fig. 8 showing a com- I .plete impellervane having suitable means for an impeller fluid-energizingblade-havinga con-' '50 attaching it in the impeller Shroud and web memtoured formsoproportioned that energy may be transmitted to a circulating mediumthroughout the ,n iajor length of the blade and wherein the trailingedge of the blade is contoured angularly; in such a manner thatsubstantially no-energy is bers. H

v Before explaining in. detail the'present invention it is to beunderstood that the invention is notlimited in itsapiifitzation-to thedetails oi: cori- ,struction and arran ement of parts illustrated inFig. 7 illustrates a two-dimensional impeller" the accompanying drawing,since the invention is capable of other embodiments and of beingpracticed or carried out in various ways. Also it is to be understoodthat the phraseology or terminology employed herein is for the purposeof descrip- The driven shaft I4 is provided with a turbine hub l5 whichcarries a second stage turbine web 16 separated from a turbine shroudmember I 1 by means of second stage turbine vanes 18. The turbine shroudI I is also provided with first stage turbine vanes I9. e

The impeller housing ll is provided with a plurality of spaced fluidenergizing blades 20 interposed between the housing II and an impellershroud 2|.

In the operation of the device liquidis transmitted from the secondstage turbine vanes It to the impeller vanes 20 where it is energized bycentrifugal force due to rotation of the impeller housing ll andtheimpellerblades 20. The energized liquid is then transmitted to thefirst stage turbine vanes l9 and is thereafter directed to the secondstage turbine vanes II to transmit energy through the turbine hub shaftll.

A stationary member 22 is concentrically mounted relative to the drivenshaft H. A hub member having external helical threads 24 formed thereonis mounted on the stationary l5 to the driven sleeve 22 and is separatedtherefrom by one-way brake means 25 whereby the hub 23 may-rotate freelyin one direction but is restrained from rotation in the oppositedirection.

position a guide Wheefchannel 29 in the power transmitting fluid circuitpreferably between the first and second stage-turbine vanes I! and IIrespectively.

. Referring now to Fig. 2, attention is called to the fact that in theformation of the first stage.

turbine vanes I 9 a fluid foil shape of suitable contour is selected.The fluid foil has a center line 30 extending therethrough, andcontoured front and rear surfaces 3| and 32 proportioned to absorbenergy from'a circulating liquid. The shape of the fluid foil section isselected to vary dependent on the speed of the-flow of liquid over thevanes and the viscosity of the liquid utilized.

Referring to Fig. 3, it will be observed that the center line 30 of thevanel9 is wrapped around a conical curve such for. example as a parabolaor hyperbola wherebyit has a. center line 30b which in onedimensionfollows the theoretical center line 30a in .the first stage. turbine..Thevane illustrated in Fig. 3 is a two-diof the second stage turbinevanes 18 which may beof relatively thin cross section. Referring to Fi4, it will be noted that the blades I8 have center lines 40corresponding generally with the center line 40a of the second stageturbine vanes 18 as illustrated in Fig. 1. These vanes are substantiallyaxial inform and are designed to have working surfacesat the dischargejend corresponding generally to the surface of a screw; This workingsurface may be generated by extending an axis BB to-cut the axis O0.ofthe turbine. The axis -B- ,-B then curves around the axisO-O and moveslongitudinally of the device Towards the end of the vane the turnin andmoving of the axis BB is substantially uniform and generates a truescrew formas illustrated by the axial positions .aa, bb' and thedistance 0-42 of Figs. 4 and 5. As the movement progresses the turningand movement of the axis increases and the generated surface approachesthat of a screw with non-uniform pitch as illustrated by the positionsof the axes c-c d-d', e--e', etc. which lie on the curve 40a whichrepresents the center of the fluid channel.

i 4' is a two-dimensional view as if the center line 40a of the'vane I8were a'straight line, the vanes having inlet and dis'charge angles asillustrated. Fig. 5 is a side view of the actual three-dimensional vane,and Fig. 6 is a hypothetical view (not a. true geometrical view)illustrating the vane as if all the points 'of the vane were turned inone plane.

- Referring now to Figs. 7 to 9 inclusive, it will be observed that theimpeller blades 20 are formed by selecting a-suitable air foil shapesetat a suitable pitch angle 5| relative to the di-' rection of rotation5Ia as illustrated in Fig. 7 with a theoretical center line positionedat a suitable angle 5| to the direction of rotation 5la. It will beobserved that the center line 50 is substantially straight throughoutthe major portion of the length of the blade 20 and that it tapers oifas illustrated at 52 to reduce the fluid energizing characteristics ofthe vane and to equalize the fluid pressures in the fluid circuitadjacent the. impeller outlet.

Referring to Fig. ,8, it will be observed that' the air foil shapedimpeller blade 20 of Fig. 7

mensional vane whereas the vaneillustrated in is illustrated in athree-dimensional view in axial perspective as being wrapped aroundinvolute curves whereby the shorter portion 53 may be attached to theimpeller shroud 2| and the longer portion 54 may be attached to theimpeller housing ll. of the impeller blade at the web and shroud Asillustrated, the varying angles members blend together. I

Fig. 9 illustrates the impeller blade 20 of Fig. 8 wherein pins 55interconnecting the impeller housing H and shroud 2! may be provided tosecure the blade against displacement. Stub pins 55 and 51 carried bythe blades 20 extend into the shroud 2| and'into the impeller housing II to additionally anchor-the blade.

This is .a continuation-in-part of my co-pending application Serial No.588,163, filed January a2, 1932.

I claimr i 1. A blade wheel for afluid transmission having spaced weband shroud members defining a fluid channel having fluid inlet and exitportions therebetween. fluid energizing three-dimensional blades carriedby the blade wheel and having a high pitch anglesection adjacent the'weband a lower pitch angle section adjacent the shroud, the high and lowerpitch angle sections convergshroud being of substantially constant pitchangle section to maintain its efficiency at the exit of the fluidchannel.

2. Impeller blades having the character of a fluid foil bent intoconformity with a curved center line with larger pitch angle at the Wand smaller pitch angle at the shroud, the pitch angle of the blade atthe shroud being substantially constant throughout and the pitch angleat the web being relieved, adjacent the discharge end of the blade tounify the flow of fluid from radially spaced points or the impeller.

3. Turbine vanes having the character of a fluid foil bent intoconformity with a' curved center line with larger pitch angle at the weband smaller pitch angle at the shroud, and a small portioniofhelicalform adjacent the trailing edge to reduce the fluid deflectingcharacter;- istics of the vanes at the web adjacent the trailing edge ofthe vanes.

4. A blade wheel for a fluid transmission comprising spaced Web andshroud members, a plurality of spaced fluid deflecting vanes interposedbetween the web and shroud members and defining inlet and outletportions, each of the vanes being contouredto embody a higher anglepitch section adjacent the web and a lower angle pitch section adjacentthe shroud, the pitch angle'ot the vanes adjacent the web being relievedat.

the trailing edges of the vanes to reduce the fluid deflectingcharacteristics at the exit portion to unify the fluid flow andreduce-fluid turbulence.

5. In afluid transmission a fluid deflecting blade wheel having a web,spaced vanes on the web, each of the vanes embodying a high angle pitchsection adjacent the weband a lower angle pitch section spaced from theweb, the pitch angle of the vanes being relieved at their trailing edgesto decrease the fluid deflecting characteristics of the vanes to reducefluid turbulence.

6. A blade wheel comprising a web, vanes on the web, 'each vane havingan outer edge or greater arc and higher pitch angle than the arc andpitch angle of the inner edge, and a portion of each vane beingcontoured adjacent the trailing edge to equalize pressure on the face,and back of the vane adjacent the trailing edge thereof. l

7. A blade wheel comprising a web, spaced vanes on the web, each vanehaving an outer edge of greater are and higher pitch angle than the arcand pitch angle of its inner edge, and a trailing edge of lower pitchangle. providing an under-bend for the fluid flow wherebyfluidturbulence is avoided.

8. A blade wheel comprising a web, vanes on the web, each vane having abody portion so contoured as to provide for a constant rate ofenergizationof the fluid, and a portion adjacent

